And whenever I am at this hawker centre, a stall I would certainly not miss would be that of Nam Sing Fried Hokkien Mee.
The stall can be easily spotted as the elder brother who is the chef wears a protective goggle to fry his noodles.
The difference in his fried hokkien mee is that he uses normal rice vermicelli (Bee Hoon) instead of the usual thick ones (Chor Bee Hoon) used by many. I notice that these bee hoon are not soaked for too long and thus when fried along with the yellow noodles, it doesn’t break easily and the gives it a ‘springy’ texture.
Also, with a hint of ‘Wok Hei’ before the stock of prawn head is added, the hokkien mee is simply aromatic and delicious. The generous serving of squids and prawns also make the 30 minutes waiting time seemed insignificant. The stall also stood by it’s principle of not serving sambal chilli to their customers and only cut chilli is dished out.
You can view more photos and other reviews @ His Food Blog.
I spotted a long queue forming at this stall – Heng Gi Roasted Goose and Duck Rice. Without any hesitation, I spent the next 20 minutes queuing for my roast duck drumstick with rice.
Distinctively, the rice is served in a bowl instead of plate. Although some will complain that the duck is roasted for too long, and thus too salty, and the gravy too oily, I find that the meat does goes well with my rice, and the meat was luscious and full of flavour.
And if you happen to be one of those who love roasted duck wings, they are sold at $2 each and get sold out real quickly (I know because the lady in front of me bought 20 portions for takeaway).
Note: The duck is actually braised, but for some strange reasons, their signage read "roasted" - thus I went along with the word roasted instead.
You can view more photos and other reviews @ His Food Blog.
The value of this Cantonese congee stall is that the workers are not stingy with their condiments in their food. More so, the amount of chicken pieces I get from the chicken congee was bounteous.
The Yu Sheng, or raw fish (Chinese Style Sashimi) was also fresh and plentiful for a $2 portion.
Mixed well with the generous helping of sesame, spring onion, ginger, garlic, and a drizzle of lime juice, you have the perfect supplement for your congee.
You can view more photos and other reviews @ His Food Blog.
It is often said a great movie is often due to its main lead, and how often the supporting cast is often neglected. However, in a particular kopitiam tucked at the corner near Kallang MRT Station, both the main lead and supporting cast gained from the wonderful partnership.
At Jalan Sultan Prawn Mee off Geylang Lor 1, every Sunday afternoon is a battleground in the kopitiam. Finding a table for 4 is at least a 10-15 mins affair, and waiting for the noodles to appear on your table is at least another good 45 mins.
So being a smart foodie like any other Singaporeans, I suggested ordering a plate of Wu Xiang, the only other stall in the kopitiam, while waiting for the noodles to come. But since everyone else thought about it, the Wu Xiang took as long to arrive as the noodles.
In fact, my serving of Wu Xiang came after we were midway through with our noodles. The Noodles despite the long wait was however worth it. My bowl of Prawn Beehoon & Mee Soup with Pork Ribs, along with the generous serving of fried lard and chilli powder was a perfect combination.
The usage of the thicken version of Bee Hoon (Author’s note: NOT Chor Bee Hoon) was also a brilliant move, as the normal thinner ones tend to suck the soup dry, considering there wasn’t much to start of with.
You can view more photos and other reviews @ His Food Blog.
After a rave review by the popular food blogger, Dr Leslie Tay, of ieatishootipost, I could not resist to find out about this particular stall located at Cambridge Road Food Centre, also known to many as Pek Kio. Those who have read his blog would realise that it is hard to come by that he would dished out a rating of 4.75 out of 5 on any particular stall, but Wah Kee Prawn Noodles has the such accolade.
Formerly located at Farrer Park, the secret to their prawn noodle lies in the soup. Described as “that unique taste you get in Lobster Bisque” and “(the) extract of crustacean shell and all the stuff in the head” by Leslie, the soup is really different from that of many, including Jalan Sultan Prawn Mee, which I have blogged before. Their soup is not as salty and much “cloudy” – due to the essence of the prawns.
And if you are really into this prawn makan business, go ahead and try the $10 serving.
The boss guaranteed that the prawns are freshly catch everyday and man are they HUGE!!!
Personally, I felt that the soup has the “punch” but a bit saltier would be excellent. However, the good thing about eating at Pek Kio is that it is not so crowded during lunchtime and there are always tables available.
You can view more photos and other reviews @ His Food Blog.
Once stood the famous makan icon in Singapore…the Esplanade Satay Club – the breezily located Makansutra Gluttons Bay offers plenty of local food galore. And among them stood one of my favourite ‘Ou Luak’, or Fried Oyster Omelette Stall – Hup Kee (Orchard).
This stall started off in the 70's at the famous Orchard Carpark night hawkers and now operates two outlets, the other being at the Newton Hawker Centre. What is so amazing about their dish as compared to others is that the eggs and the sweet potato flour are somehow done crispier, and less oily, which sources revealed is based on a 40-year-old recipe. I personally also found the eggs to be rather fluffy inside which gives it an excellent bite.
You will also find a good number of fresh, succulent and plump Korean Oysters served on top with a sprinkling of freshly cut coriander and spring onions. The chilli sauce that comes alongside is also tangy and very addictive. Standard of the dish is consistent, as I have since gone back a couple of times and definitely value for money! A must try every time I am around the vicinity.
You can view more photos and other reviews @ His Food Blog.
A quaint, tranquil neighbourhood nestled in the course of lush greenery off Portsdown Road, Wessex Estate is a colonial-style residential area with charming black-and-white houses.
As a unique heritage area in one-north, Wessex Estate is slated for development into a creative enclave in the years to come while preserving a haven of old world charm.
And it is at the converted ex-Judo Federation Clubhouse at Wessex Village Square that you will find Pietrasanta, The Italian Restaurant – named after a town on the coast of northern Tuscany in Italy.
Opened by Jennifer Tan and her husband, Loris Massimini, an experience Italian chef who honed his skills in Italy and Singapore, this restaurant will be officially opened on Saturday, 12th April. One of the things I like about this place is the simplicity of the décor and furnishing. Diners have a choice of sitting in the spacious dinning area inside or dine al fresco outside the courtyard.
For a start, we were given Home-made Breads and Olive Oil & Balsamic Vinaigrette to dip with. The bread was well flavoured with herbs though I preferred them to come hot instead of served cold.
For appetisers, we started off with the Carpaccio Di Manzo Con Grana Padano E Ruccola, or Thinly Sliced Beer Tenderloin with Rocket Salad and Shaved Parmesan with Lemon and Extra Virgin Olive Oil Dressing. I mentioned here before that I am a huge fan of rocket salad and shaved Parmesan (not powder, or thin strips but SHAVED!), but even with biasness aside; this is one of the best rendition I have ever tried. The beef was very fresh and the lemon and olive oil dressing harmonise with a refreshing sensation to this dish. Serving was also generous at $15.90.
The other appetiser we had that evening was the Saute Di Cozzae Al Pomodoro Fresco, or Black Mussels in White Wine and Fresh Tomatoes ($18.00). This is another dish I find it irresistible – in fact I preferred this version much better to the tomatoes-based Chilli Mussels one finds in Perth. The mussels were fully infused with the wine, thus enhancing the sweetness of the meat, and the tomatoes add a lovely sourness touch to it. However either due to overcooking or me taking my time to capture the perfect shot, some meat from the mussels actually shrunk to a pathetic size – nevertheless, the serving was still ample for the both of us.
Risotto Ai Porcini, or Italian Risotto with Porcini Mushrooms ($19.90) was my choice for main and was it excellent! The risotto was satisfactorily done al dente and the grains came fully flavoured of the mushrooms that produce a pleasant nutty taste with a smooth and not too overbearing aftertaste. Somehow, I also like the texture of the onions in the dish, which produces a delightful crunch with every bite.
My friend picked the Gnocchi Di Patate Con Salsa Al Gorgonzola, or Home-made Potato Gnocchi tossed with Blue Cheese Sauce ($18.90). I am not a big fan of gnocchi to be honest, what’s more one mixed with potato, as I often find them too filling for consumption but I have to comment that the sauce is pungently brilliant! One would either love it or hate it – and as for me, I simply love it.
For desserts, we felt we have to order the Tiramisu ($8.90), since no restaurant will dare to proclaim themselves as an Italiano Ristorante if their tiramisu isn’t any good. The classic dessert was good, though not the best I have tried, with the cream well whipped and the biscuit soaked in just the right amount of liquor.
The Semifreddo Cioccolato Bianco e Muscato, or White Chocolate and Muscato Wine Parfait ($8.90) though was disappointing. The only blemish of the night – the frozen custard was icy and difficult to scoop – my guess is that it was over-chilled. We also couldn’t make known of the wine in this dessert and the almonds sprinkled over was too overbearing for this light dessert. The only thing I like about this is that it wasn’t too sweet.
Overall this meal was truly satisfying and I will definitely be back for their Home-made Ravioli and their meat dishes. Also know it from me that given time, I foresee this place to be a hit in town – so make your way down before it gets too crowded.
You can view more photos and other reviews @ His Food Blog.
Have always wanted to try Astons but the queue at Katong and Serangoon Gardens made us decide to eat somewhere else. So when they opened a branch at Bedok, it seemed like it was time to start queuing. The queue was not that long (I was like 6th in the queue) and it was moving. Waiting time was about 12 min after ordering so it was acceptable (for dining in a coffee shop).
Prime Ribeye Steak ($11.90) was done medium well. Redness was present and meat was tender and easily chewable which was what we were looking for in medium well. Fries and onion rings were served hot and in distinguishable pieces. Onion rings looked slightly burnt but I guess it could be due to the overused oil. :)
Pork Chop ($8.50) was served with mashed potatoes and garden veggies. Nothing much to say about the pork chops except that the portion was pretty generous with 2 large pieces. Average tasting.
Now I start to wonder why there is a queue in the first place. The food tasted average with nothing to shout about. Perhaps its because I did not order the most expensive prime cut? haha. I am not sure. But paying $25.90 for a plate of steak in a coffee shop is not something common. Unless eating zi char....but that is a different story.
This place is gazetted with many restaurants, located on level 2 of Wheelock Place. This is a small outlet, which make the place look crowded with a queue outside. I didn't like the place as it was just that small, and there wasn't any view to catch. It was just concealed within the 4 walls.
The staffs are pretty alright with their product knowledge, many of them are trainees when I went there a couple of days ago. Seems like the turnover rate is pretty fast.
Sorry to all Red Hot Chilli Pepper fans, but I just ate one of my favourite band. The dishes there are named quirkily and this is called Red Hot Chilli Pepper. I thought it was just a playful name and didn't meant what the name suggest but apparently after a few mouthful, it turned out to be quite spicy after all. My friend gave the Hammy Vice Sandwich a try, which was not bad too.
Also tried out the Chocolate Milk Elephanccino, which was quite tasty and sweet to my delight. My friend didn't like it though, too sweet for her liking. I'm pretty sweet toothed I guess.
Overall, I have not much to grumble about this outlet. I will head back to NYDC again, but I will try to avoid this outlet as I dislike small outlets with no great view to look though the side of the restaurant.
I have walked past this place many times before but never stepped in to try it out until a birthday meal was held there. I didn't have the intention to try it out because of the decor. It doesn't attract me, very pink and girly.
After eating there, I felt that the food there is overpriced. Why? When you step in there the next time round, try looking around the surrounding. You will realise that most of the items and equipments they used are very cheap. The cup is those plastic ones bought from Ikea, the water is poured using a Toyogo tumbler, the decor doesn't really need much money to design, the tables and chairs can be bought cheaply from wholesalers.
I don't under why people are willing to head there. The food is overpriced and the place is especially noisy. I can't hold a proper conversation as I couldn't make out what my friends were saying. The crowd is overwhelming.
My order was the Black Pepper Crispy Chicken. Being a avid black pepper lover, this was always going to be disappointing. The black pepper sauce didn't have grains of black pepper in it, literally. It was just purely a sauce, with only a slight tinge of pepper taste in it. It made the chicken real soggy and the crispiness was lost. This has to be one of my bad experience with black pepper food. Simply unacceptable to be termed a black pepper dish. Other orders such as the wedges and the glutton's platter are relatively alright, but price is quite steep as compared to other similar restaurants.
The only good I'm going to comment is the service level. Although there are only 2 service staff on the floor, the service level were of adequate level. I am pleased that they are able to adhere to most of our request promptly. Other than that, I am still not satisfied with the pricing of their menu. It's simply not justified.
1=SGD 0.0587
And whenever I am at this hawker centre, a stall I would certainly not miss would be that of Nam Sing Fried Hokkien Mee.
The stall can be easily spotted as the elder brother who is the chef wears a protective goggle to fry his noodles.
The difference in his fried hokkien mee is that he uses normal rice vermicelli (Bee Hoon) instead of the usual thick ones (Chor Bee Hoon) used by many. I notice that these bee hoon are not soaked for too long and thus when fried along with the yellow noodles, it doesn’t break easily and the gives it a ‘springy’ texture.
Also, with a hint of ‘Wok Hei’ before the stock of prawn head is added, the hokkien mee is simply aromatic and delicious. The generous serving of squids and prawns also make the 30 minutes waiting time seemed insignificant. The stall also stood by it’s principle of not serving sambal chilli to their customers and only cut chilli is dished out.
You can view more photos and other reviews @ His Food Blog.
Rating given:
I spotted a long queue forming at this stall – Heng Gi Roasted Goose and Duck Rice. Without any hesitation, I spent the next 20 minutes queuing for my roast duck drumstick with rice.
Distinctively, the rice is served in a bowl instead of plate. Although some will complain that the duck is roasted for too long, and thus too salty, and the gravy too oily, I find that the meat does goes well with my rice, and the meat was luscious and full of flavour.
And if you happen to be one of those who love roasted duck wings, they are sold at $2 each and get sold out real quickly (I know because the lady in front of me bought 20 portions for takeaway).
Note: The duck is actually braised, but for some strange reasons, their signage read "roasted" - thus I went along with the word roasted instead.
You can view more photos and other reviews @ His Food Blog.
Rating given:
The value of this Cantonese congee stall is that the workers are not stingy with their condiments in their food. More so, the amount of chicken pieces I get from the chicken congee was bounteous.
The Yu Sheng, or raw fish (Chinese Style Sashimi) was also fresh and plentiful for a $2 portion.
Mixed well with the generous helping of sesame, spring onion, ginger, garlic, and a drizzle of lime juice, you have the perfect supplement for your congee.
You can view more photos and other reviews @ His Food Blog.
Rating given:
It is often said a great movie is often due to its main lead, and how often the supporting cast is often neglected. However, in a particular kopitiam tucked at the corner near Kallang MRT Station, both the main lead and supporting cast gained from the wonderful partnership.
At Jalan Sultan Prawn Mee off Geylang Lor 1, every Sunday afternoon is a battleground in the kopitiam. Finding a table for 4 is at least a 10-15 mins affair, and waiting for the noodles to appear on your table is at least another good 45 mins.
So being a smart foodie like any other Singaporeans, I suggested ordering a plate of Wu Xiang, the only other stall in the kopitiam, while waiting for the noodles to come. But since everyone else thought about it, the Wu Xiang took as long to arrive as the noodles.
In fact, my serving of Wu Xiang came after we were midway through with our noodles. The Noodles despite the long wait was however worth it. My bowl of Prawn Beehoon & Mee Soup with Pork Ribs, along with the generous serving of fried lard and chilli powder was a perfect combination.
The usage of the thicken version of Bee Hoon (Author’s note: NOT Chor Bee Hoon) was also a brilliant move, as the normal thinner ones tend to suck the soup dry, considering there wasn’t much to start of with.
You can view more photos and other reviews @ His Food Blog.
Rating given:
After a rave review by the popular food blogger, Dr Leslie Tay, of ieatishootipost, I could not resist to find out about this particular stall located at Cambridge Road Food Centre, also known to many as Pek Kio. Those who have read his blog would realise that it is hard to come by that he would dished out a rating of 4.75 out of 5 on any particular stall, but Wah Kee Prawn Noodles has the such accolade.
Formerly located at Farrer Park, the secret to their prawn noodle lies in the soup. Described as “that unique taste you get in Lobster Bisque” and “(the) extract of crustacean shell and all the stuff in the head” by Leslie, the soup is really different from that of many, including Jalan Sultan Prawn Mee, which I have blogged before. Their soup is not as salty and much “cloudy” – due to the essence of the prawns.
And if you are really into this prawn makan business, go ahead and try the $10 serving.
The boss guaranteed that the prawns are freshly catch everyday and man are they HUGE!!!
Personally, I felt that the soup has the “punch” but a bit saltier would be excellent. However, the good thing about eating at Pek Kio is that it is not so crowded during lunchtime and there are always tables available.
You can view more photos and other reviews @ His Food Blog.
Rating given:
Once stood the famous makan icon in Singapore…the Esplanade Satay Club – the breezily located Makansutra Gluttons Bay offers plenty of local food galore. And among them stood one of my favourite ‘Ou Luak’, or Fried Oyster Omelette Stall – Hup Kee (Orchard).
This stall started off in the 70's at the famous Orchard Carpark night hawkers and now operates two outlets, the other being at the Newton Hawker Centre. What is so amazing about their dish as compared to others is that the eggs and the sweet potato flour are somehow done crispier, and less oily, which sources revealed is based on a 40-year-old recipe. I personally also found the eggs to be rather fluffy inside which gives it an excellent bite.
You will also find a good number of fresh, succulent and plump Korean Oysters served on top with a sprinkling of freshly cut coriander and spring onions. The chilli sauce that comes alongside is also tangy and very addictive. Standard of the dish is consistent, as I have since gone back a couple of times and definitely value for money! A must try every time I am around the vicinity.
You can view more photos and other reviews @ His Food Blog.
Rating given:
A quaint, tranquil neighbourhood nestled in the course of lush greenery off Portsdown Road, Wessex Estate is a colonial-style residential area with charming black-and-white houses.
As a unique heritage area in one-north, Wessex Estate is slated for development into a creative enclave in the years to come while preserving a haven of old world charm.
And it is at the converted ex-Judo Federation Clubhouse at Wessex Village Square that you will find Pietrasanta, The Italian Restaurant – named after a town on the coast of northern Tuscany in Italy.
Opened by Jennifer Tan and her husband, Loris Massimini, an experience Italian chef who honed his skills in Italy and Singapore, this restaurant will be officially opened on Saturday, 12th April. One of the things I like about this place is the simplicity of the décor and furnishing. Diners have a choice of sitting in the spacious dinning area inside or dine al fresco outside the courtyard.
For a start, we were given Home-made Breads and Olive Oil & Balsamic Vinaigrette to dip with. The bread was well flavoured with herbs though I preferred them to come hot instead of served cold.
For appetisers, we started off with the Carpaccio Di Manzo Con Grana Padano E Ruccola, or Thinly Sliced Beer Tenderloin with Rocket Salad and Shaved Parmesan with Lemon and Extra Virgin Olive Oil Dressing. I mentioned here before that I am a huge fan of rocket salad and shaved Parmesan (not powder, or thin strips but SHAVED!), but even with biasness aside; this is one of the best rendition I have ever tried. The beef was very fresh and the lemon and olive oil dressing harmonise with a refreshing sensation to this dish. Serving was also generous at $15.90.
The other appetiser we had that evening was the Saute Di Cozzae Al Pomodoro Fresco, or Black Mussels in White Wine and Fresh Tomatoes ($18.00). This is another dish I find it irresistible – in fact I preferred this version much better to the tomatoes-based Chilli Mussels one finds in Perth. The mussels were fully infused with the wine, thus enhancing the sweetness of the meat, and the tomatoes add a lovely sourness touch to it. However either due to overcooking or me taking my time to capture the perfect shot, some meat from the mussels actually shrunk to a pathetic size – nevertheless, the serving was still ample for the both of us.
Risotto Ai Porcini, or Italian Risotto with Porcini Mushrooms ($19.90) was my choice for main and was it excellent! The risotto was satisfactorily done al dente and the grains came fully flavoured of the mushrooms that produce a pleasant nutty taste with a smooth and not too overbearing aftertaste. Somehow, I also like the texture of the onions in the dish, which produces a delightful crunch with every bite.
My friend picked the Gnocchi Di Patate Con Salsa Al Gorgonzola, or Home-made Potato Gnocchi tossed with Blue Cheese Sauce ($18.90). I am not a big fan of gnocchi to be honest, what’s more one mixed with potato, as I often find them too filling for consumption but I have to comment that the sauce is pungently brilliant! One would either love it or hate it – and as for me, I simply love it.
For desserts, we felt we have to order the Tiramisu ($8.90), since no restaurant will dare to proclaim themselves as an Italiano Ristorante if their tiramisu isn’t any good. The classic dessert was good, though not the best I have tried, with the cream well whipped and the biscuit soaked in just the right amount of liquor.
The Semifreddo Cioccolato Bianco e Muscato, or White Chocolate and Muscato Wine Parfait ($8.90) though was disappointing. The only blemish of the night – the frozen custard was icy and difficult to scoop – my guess is that it was over-chilled. We also couldn’t make known of the wine in this dessert and the almonds sprinkled over was too overbearing for this light dessert. The only thing I like about this is that it wasn’t too sweet.
Overall this meal was truly satisfying and I will definitely be back for their Home-made Ravioli and their meat dishes. Also know it from me that given time, I foresee this place to be a hit in town – so make your way down before it gets too crowded.
You can view more photos and other reviews @ His Food Blog.
Rating given:
Will we go again? Perhaps.
Have always wanted to try Astons but the queue at Katong and Serangoon Gardens made us decide to eat somewhere else. So when they opened a branch at Bedok, it seemed like it was time to start queuing. The queue was not that long (I was like 6th in the queue) and it was moving. Waiting time was about 12 min after ordering so it was acceptable (for dining in a coffee shop).
Prime Ribeye Steak ($11.90) was done medium well. Redness was present and meat was tender and easily chewable which was what we were looking for in medium well. Fries and onion rings were served hot and in distinguishable pieces. Onion rings looked slightly burnt but I guess it could be due to the overused oil. :)
Pork Chop ($8.50) was served with mashed potatoes and garden veggies. Nothing much to say about the pork chops except that the portion was pretty generous with 2 large pieces. Average tasting.
Now I start to wonder why there is a queue in the first place. The food tasted average with nothing to shout about. Perhaps its because I did not order the most expensive prime cut? haha. I am not sure. But paying $25.90 for a plate of steak in a coffee shop is not something common. Unless eating zi char....but that is a different story.
Rating given:
This place is gazetted with many restaurants, located on level 2 of Wheelock Place. This is a small outlet, which make the place look crowded with a queue outside. I didn't like the place as it was just that small, and there wasn't any view to catch. It was just concealed within the 4 walls.
The staffs are pretty alright with their product knowledge, many of them are trainees when I went there a couple of days ago. Seems like the turnover rate is pretty fast.
Sorry to all Red Hot Chilli Pepper fans, but I just ate one of my favourite band. The dishes there are named quirkily and this is called Red Hot Chilli Pepper. I thought it was just a playful name and didn't meant what the name suggest but apparently after a few mouthful, it turned out to be quite spicy after all. My friend gave the Hammy Vice Sandwich a try, which was not bad too.
Also tried out the Chocolate Milk Elephanccino, which was quite tasty and sweet to my delight. My friend didn't like it though, too sweet for her liking. I'm pretty sweet toothed I guess.
Overall, I have not much to grumble about this outlet. I will head back to NYDC again, but I will try to avoid this outlet as I dislike small outlets with no great view to look though the side of the restaurant.
Rating given:
I have walked past this place many times before but never stepped in to try it out until a birthday meal was held there. I didn't have the intention to try it out because of the decor. It doesn't attract me, very pink and girly.
After eating there, I felt that the food there is overpriced. Why? When you step in there the next time round, try looking around the surrounding. You will realise that most of the items and equipments they used are very cheap. The cup is those plastic ones bought from Ikea, the water is poured using a Toyogo tumbler, the decor doesn't really need much money to design, the tables and chairs can be bought cheaply from wholesalers.
I don't under why people are willing to head there. The food is overpriced and the place is especially noisy. I can't hold a proper conversation as I couldn't make out what my friends were saying. The crowd is overwhelming.
My order was the Black Pepper Crispy Chicken. Being a avid black pepper lover, this was always going to be disappointing. The black pepper sauce didn't have grains of black pepper in it, literally. It was just purely a sauce, with only a slight tinge of pepper taste in it. It made the chicken real soggy and the crispiness was lost. This has to be one of my bad experience with black pepper food. Simply unacceptable to be termed a black pepper dish. Other orders such as the wedges and the glutton's platter are relatively alright, but price is quite steep as compared to other similar restaurants.
The only good I'm going to comment is the service level. Although there are only 2 service staff on the floor, the service level were of adequate level. I am pleased that they are able to adhere to most of our request promptly. Other than that, I am still not satisfied with the pricing of their menu. It's simply not justified.
Rating given: